Employer Services

Injury Prevention Resources

At ErgoScience, we understand the importance of injury prevention. Our programs are designed to provide you with the knowledge and tools you need to stay safe and healthy.

Case Study:

Compendium

The following case studies were compiled from loss runs data from 14 ErgoScience clients. These studies collectively involved over 70,0000 employees. The companies, on average, saved over 78% in workers’ compensation costs and realized an 11:1 ROI.

Case Study:

Manufactured Home Communities

In the year before initiating pre-hire/post-offer Physical Abilities Testing, the Director of Human resources for a large organization that owns and operates manufactured home communities noticed more than a 10-fold increase in strains and sprains and slips, trips, and falls — especially among newly hired employees!

Case Study:

Automotive Parts Warehouse

Over a period of five years prior to initiating pre-hire/post-offer Physical Abilities Testing, the Director of Occupational Health for a large organization that warehouses and distributes automobile parts noticed a dramatic increase in strains and sprains and slips, trips, and falls. She also noticed that most of these injuries occurred in employees within the first six months of employment.

Case Study:

Tire Manufacturer: Pilot Study

For two consecutive years, the Director of HR at one location of a large tire manufacturing conglomerate noted a high number of injuries and excessive injury costs among new hires. The physical requirements of their jobs were both repetitive and required significant strength. The injuries and the related lost and restricted duty days were affecting productivity, employee morale, and profitability — not to mention employee turnover churn.

Case Study:

Meat Processing

A large midwestern meat processing organization began to notice that their musculoskeletal injury rates and costs were significantly rising. Their Director of Safety and Health began to seek solutions. Realizing that most of these injuries were occurring among newly hired employees, she began considering pre-hire physical abilities testing as a way to mitigate these injuries.

Case Study:

Cold Storage

A large international organization, specializing in cold food storage and distribution began to notice that their musculoskeletal injury rates and costs were significantly rising. Their VP of Risk Management began to seek solutions. Realizing that most of these injuries were occurring among newly hired employees, she began considering pre-hire physical abilities testing as a way to mitigate these injuries.

Case Study:

Real Estate & Infrastructure Management

A large national organization, employing over 4000 people and specializing in real estate and infrastructure management and maintenance began to notice that their musculoskeletal injury rates and costs were significantly rising. Their VP of Risk Management began to seek solutions. Realizing that most of these injuries were occurring among newly hired employees, she began considering pre-hire physical abilities testing as a way to mitigate these injuries.

Case Study:

OSHA-Compliant Early Intervention

The employees of a large manufacturer of steel and ductile iron pipe were experiencing increasing numbers of musculoskeletal disorders. Their jobs were extremely heavy, repetitive, and required employees to assume awkward positions, sometimes for prolonged periods of time.

Case Study:

Worksite Physical Therapy

A large international manufacturer of ductile iron and steel pipe provided a variety of medical services for their employees onsite, including worksite physical therapy. However, the company was frustrated with the quality of the onsite service being provided by a local hospital. The hospital had a revolving of physical therapists who were assigned to work onsite, but no one therapist was responsible for directing the program or ensuring quality of care.

Case Study:

American Cast Iron Pipe Company

AMERICAN believes in taking care of its people,” says Sheri Snow, AMERICAN’s Wellness Manager. “We do it because it’s the right thing to do. But it’s also smart business. Our emphasis on fitness and nutrition helps ensure a healthy, present and committed work force.”

Case Study:

Voith Industrial Services

In late 2010 Voith Industrial Services, a global industrial services provider, was facing high workers’ compensation costs and increasing injury rates. Serving primarily the automotive industry, Voith embeds management and employee teams in customer...

Case Study:

Beverage Distribution

Mid-Sized bottling company saves $4,000,000 over 4 years with Pre-Hire Employee Testing Our client manufactures and sells almost a billion containers of product annually. Employees work at multiple distribution centers and the delivery fleet consists of approximately 1,800 vehicles.

Case Study:

Flatbed Trucking

Over the past five years, P&S Transportation, an Alabama based provider of flatbed truckload transportation and logistics, has seen its driver headcount grow from 300 to nearly 1000.

Case Study:

Construction

A commercial construction company with divisions throughout the southeast and southwest, with expertise in construction for healthcare, government, entertainment, education, hospitality, and retail industry verticals.

Case Study:

OTR Truck Drivers

Our client, a premier heavy haul trucking provider, moving heavy cargo, freight, and machinery across the U.S. and Canada, was having an increasing number of strains and sprains, and slips, trips, and falls among their OTR drivers.

eBook:

The Industrial Athlete's Heart: A Guide to Cardiac Rehabilitation in the Workplace

Heart disease remains a leading cause of death in the U.S., impacting individuals across all demographics and professions. Cardiac Rehabilitation (CR) is an essential part of an individual's continuum of care after a cardiovascular event.

Whitepaper:

ErgoScience Overview

ErgoScience offers a broad array of “Hire-to-Retire injury prevention services focused on preventing musculoskeletal disorders. Discover the ErgoScience Advantage: expert injury prevention, customer-centric programs, and outcomes you can rely on.

Whitepaper:

Beverage Distribution

According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics there are close to 2 million people employed in the beverage manufacturing and distribution industry. As reported by OSHA, these workers are injured at a much higher rate than in other industry sectors.

eBook:

Hire to Retire

ErgoScience offers a broad array of “Hire-to-Retire injury prevention services focused on preventing musculoskeletal disorders. Discover the ErgoScience Advantage: expert injury prevention, customer-centric programs, and outcomes you can rely on.

eBook:

Driver Wellness

It’s one of the most important things everyone can do. Why? It’s a known fact that those who are less healthy are more apt to contract the virus and when they do, the symptoms are often more severe..

eBook:

Slips, Trips, Falls

Slips, trips, and falls rank among the leading causes of injury, accounting for more than 8.7 million injuries per year according to the National Center for Injury Prevention and Control. According to BLS figures, slips, trips, and falls are a major concern in the workplace, accounting for nearly a quarter of all on-the-job injuries.

Whitepaper:

Physical Abilities Testing

Workers’ compensation claims can be expensive, but few employers realize the full cost of an injury. The direct costs of an injury include workers’ compensation payments, medical expenses, and any costs for legal services.

eBook:

The 8 Best Prevention Strategies for Workplace Strains and Sprains

Despite safety efforts to prevent them, workplace strains and sprains remain among the top work-related injuries in frequency and cost. In this e-book, ErgoScience discusses why these injuries persist and what the right prevention approach should be for your organization.

Research:

Reliability and Validity of a Newly Developed Test of Physical Work Performance.

This study examined the interrater reliability and validity of a newly developed test of physical work abilities, the Physical Work Performance Evaluation. Eleven physical therapists were trained to administer and score the test. Two therapists simultaneously but independently evaluated 50 patients with musculoskeletal disorders as they performed the test. Each therapist determined a safe level of physical work for each patient. The reliability coefficient between the therapists was .83. Correlations between predicted and actual work ranged from .41 to .55. Only 14 -18% were working above predicted levels. The results indicated high interrater reliability and provided evidence supporting convergent validity.

Research:

Detecting Sincerity of Effort: A Summary of Methods and Approaches

Despite the widespread use of methods that allegedly determine the sincerity of patient effort in clinical assessment, little has been done to summarize the literature that addresses the reliability and validity of these methods. This review aims to examine the literature on the reliability and validity of Waddle’s nonorganic signs, descriptions of pain behavior, symptom magnification, coefficients of variation, correlations between musculoskeletal evaluation and function, grip measurements, and the relationship between heart rate and pain. Our review found that none of the authors of these methods recommend that they be used to detect sincerity of effort. Clinicians are encouraged to review the literature and refrain from using most of these methods until further research is conducted. They are also recommended to use them in the context of many other aspects of consistency of effort and self-limiting behavior in functional testing.

Research:

A Critical Review of Functional Capacity Evaluations

The role of functional capacity evaluations (FCEs) appears to be increasing as employers and insurers rely more heavily on them for decision-making. All FCE suppliers must validate and refine their systems to meet credibility requirements and the American Physical Therapy Association's measurement and documentation standards. This article provides information that can be used to make informed decisions in the selection of an FCE and functional assessment practices. Features of well-designed FCEs are discussed. Ten well known FCE systems are analyzed according to these features and other common characteristics. Current issues such as the qualifications of the evaluators, reliability and validity, length of assessments, projection of endurance to 8-hour workdays, standards of practice, safety protocols, and behavioral assessment and management strategies are discussed. The Physical Work Performance Evaluation (PWPE) was found to be the only FCE with both reliability and validity research published in the peer-reviewed literature.

Research:

Program designed to evaluate and develop the functional and work capacities of clients suffering from fibromyalgia.

This 10-week pilot study involved 3 patients with a diagnosis of fibromyalgia. These patients were evaluated using the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ) and the Physical Work Performance Evaluation (PWPE) before and after a multidisciplinary intervention program. The program used physical training and cognitive behavioral therapy and was designed to improve their functional status and vocational capabilities. The patients were followed up at 3 and 6 months after discharge. Both pain and tender points decreased while function improved. All patients returned to their previous work and remained employed 6 months after discharge. The program was shown to improve work capacities and the Physical Work Performance Evaluation was shown to effectively measure function before and after a 10-week program.

Research:

Test-Retest Reliability of the Physical Work Performance Evaluation.

This research examined the test-retest reliability of 24 patients with stable physical injuries who were participating in vocational rehabilitation. Nine of the 21 main tasks of the Physical Work Performance Evaluation (PWPE) were evaluated, including floor-to-waist lift, bilateral carry, push, pull, sit, stand, kneel, stair climb, repetitive squat, and walk. Percent agreement ranged from 68% to 88%, with the best results for kneeling, lifting, carrying, and pushing tasks. Self-limiting behaviors, pain scores, and movement deviations were the main contributors to affect scoring between the first and second tests.

Research:

Feasibility of Internet-Based Training and Reliability of Internet-Trained Job Analysts

This report summarizes the findings of two complementary studies conducted in May-June 2002 on the feasibility of training job analysts using an internet-based training approach and subsequently examined the reliability of these analysts when utilizing the newly learned job analysis techniques. Training participants were required to take a written test at the end of the training. The lowest test score was 72, and the overall mean score was 92, indicating a high level of mastery of the course content. For the reliability study, the average reliability coefficients ranged from .94 to .99, suggesting a very high level of inter-rater reliability. This high level of reliability lends significant credibility to the observation-based job demand analysis process and indicates that the process is objective and has minimal evaluator bias. Such a finding has significant implications for the field of observation-based job analysis and helps promote the use of this tool in rehabilitation and injury prevention.

Research:

Cost-effectiveness of a prework screening program for the University of Illinois at Chicago Physical Plant

A post-offer screening program was jointly developed by the Occupational and Physical Therapy Departments (University of Illinois at Chicago) using tasks from the Physical Work Performance Evaluation. A total of 712 screens were completed from 3-01-98 through 2-28-01. A quasi-experimental design was utilized to analyze changes in Workers’ Compensation costs between the three-year period before and after the program's inception. Additionally, injury rates and mean cost per injury were compared between workers who had passed screening and those who had not been screened. Finally, cost per screen and reduction in Workers’ Compensation costs were compared to determine the dollar spent/ dollar saved ratio. Dramatic declines in the number of injuries, total costs, and mean cost per case occurred in the three-year period following the program’s inception. The mean cost per case also dramatically declined, comparing injured workers who had passed screening versus those who had never been screened. Cost savings were over $18 per dollar spent on the program. While a number of mitigating variables may have accounted for some of the profound effects noted, the decrease in average cost per case (indicating a possible reduction in the severity of injury) was consistent with existing literature.

Research:

Functional capacity evaluations as a post-offer employment: A case study

Functional capacity evaluations in the post-offer phase of employment have the capacity to minimize work-related injuries and promote wellness at the worksite. This paper includes a discussion of the value of post-offer evaluations and possible assessment options. A case study was initiated to investigate the feasibility of administering post-offer evaluations. The Physical Work Performance Evaluation (PWPE) was administered to a new employee, VA, who was employed for the task of kneading dough, at a major food company. When compared to detailed work demands, there was no match between the job demands and the client’s capability in two sub-tests: lift from waist to eye level and trunk rotation. Based upon findings, recommendations for an initial graded work schedule, basic strengthening exercises, and modifications of the job site and task were made to the employer. The project was initiated to raise employee and employer awareness of workers’ health issues in the post-offer phase as it expresses itself in post-offer evaluation that aims to prevent musculoskeletal problems. This article aims to expand occupational therapists’ awareness of the potential benefits of such a process.

Research:

Predictive Validity of a Functional Capacity Evaluation: The Physical Work Performance Evaluation

The predictive validity of a Functional Capacity Evaluation, the Physical Work Performance Evaluation, was examined in 30 patients with work-related musculoskeletal injuries who were participating in an industrial rehab program. Return-to-work recommendations were made by comparing test results to the physical requirements of the job. Kappa Coefficients were used to compare recommendations to actual work at discharge, 3 months, and 6 months. Substantial agreement was found between the test recommendations and actual work at all three follow-up points. The study supports the predictive validity of the PWPE for making return-to-work recommendations at the conclusion of an industrial rehabilitation program.

Research:

Responsiveness of the Physical Work Performance Evaluation, a Functional Capacity Evaluation, in Patients with Low Back Pain

This study investigated the internal and external responsiveness of a Functional Capacity Evaluation, the Physical Work Performance Evaluation PWPE. The internal responsiveness was tested by comparing the pre-/post-test PWPE scores of a group participating in a work rehabilitation program (n = 27) to that of a comparison group of healthy subjects (n = 30). The external responsiveness was tested with the rehabilitation group, and the change in their PWPE scores was compared to concurrent and empirical criteria. The comparison of the change in pre-/post-test PWPE scores showed that the change for the rehabilitation group was significantly different from that for the comparison group for one section of the PWPE – the Dynamic Strength Section. Changes in six criteria were seen after the completion of the program, but there was no significant correlation between these changes and the change in the overall PWPE score (categorized as Sedentary, Light, Medium, Heavy, and Very Heavy). These results suggest that the best section for showing change after rehab is the Dynamic Strength Section. However, a limitation of this study was that the work rehabilitation program was targeted at improving the patients’ physical abilities required for their specific jobs, while a generic PWPE was used to measure improvement. Perhaps a job-specific PWPE would have been a better measure for this study.

Research:

Updating the Evidence on Functional Capacity Evaluation Methods: A Systematic Review

Discussion related to the PWPE: Two studies on the reliability of the ErgoScience physical work performance evaluation (PWPE) were found, 1 on the test-retest reliability/reproducibility [24] and 1 on the inter-rater reliability. One study on the predictive validity of the PWPE was found and 1 on the internal and external responsiveness of the assessment. Varying test-retest reliability and reproducibility were found for the sections of the PWPE, with moderate to high agreement between outcomes and moderate agreement between outcomes of the overall PWPE. In other words, the PWPE provides relatively stable outcomes with limited variation. Agreement between raters was moderate to high for the PWPE sections and high for the overall PWPE score. Two PWPE sections (the dynamic strength and position tolerance sections) observed change within subjects, not the mobility sections or the overall PWPE (internal responsiveness). A study by Lechner et al. shows that performance in the PWPE has a high predictive value in return to work.

Research:

Outcomes of an interdisciplinary work rehabilitation program

This study aimed to evaluate outcomes (RTW status and lifting capacity/strength changes) of an interdisciplinary work rehabilitation program and examine whether time off work prior to the program and type of injury were related to RTW status and strength changes. A retrospective database analysis was conducted with a sample of 495 participants (Mage = 44.44 years, SD = 10.13) of which 375 (76%) were male. Participants were workers with injuries who participated in an interdisciplinary work rehabilitation program from 2006 to 2010. The lifting tasks of the Physical Work Performance Evaluation were used to measure lifting ability. A significantly higher number of participants were working at the end of the program than at the beginning (83.9% vs. 31.6%, p < 0.0001). Mean lifting strength was higher at the time of discharge compared to at admission (p < 0.0001). The participants who did not RTW had significantly more days off work prior to the program (U = 11757, z = –3.152, p = 0.002). The type of injury was not related to strength at the time of discharge. Findings suggest the interdisciplinary program is associated with positive outcomes and early intervention may be an important factor when treating patients with work-related injuries.

Webinar:

Legal Issues

Webinar:

Physical Abilities Testing

Webinar:

Slips, Trips, Falls

Webinar:

Workers Comp Costs

Infographic:

Using Your Truck To Stay Healthy

As a busy driver, you may be thinking: "I don't have time to exercise" or "I'm too tired by the end of the day to exercise." But physical activity is critical for keeping up energy levels because it boosts circulation and improves heart health. Active bodies sleep more soundly because exercise helps with stressmanagement. And we all know that truck driving is a very stressful job.

Infographic:

Eat, Drink & Be Healthy

Can eating the right foods really affect your fatigue? The answer is a resounding "Yes!" Eating the right food is not only essential for your overall health but also plays a significant role in your energy levels.

Infographic:

Stay Energized on the Road

Despite our best efforts to eat well, nutritional deficiencies can persist. They may cause you to feel sluggish and have difficulty focusing. And in driving, focusing is key. If you aren’t getting enough nutrients from your regular diet, you can take supplements to increase your energy and minimize fatigue.

Infographic:

Proper Ergonomics for Truck Drivers

Maintaining proper ergonomics is crucial for truck drivers to ensure comfort, prevent injuries, and promote overall well-being. Here are essential tips to follow for optimal ergonomics while driving:

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